Vitals

Running measurements of the planet's state, refreshed from their sources at every deploy.

Most charts are drawn by day of year. Each past year is a faint line, older years fainter. The 1991–2020 mean is the dark line. This year is the coloured line, and where a feed marks its latest days preliminary they are dashed. The number above each chart is the latest reading and its departure from the mean for that day of the year.

Three quantities change too slowly to read that way and are drawn across the whole record instead: global temperature against its 1850–1900 level, the heat stored in the top 2,000 metres of ocean, and global sea level. The temperature chart is the one behind talk of 1.5 °C; the daily air temperature chart below it measures against a recent mean and so reads lower.

Every one of these charts shows the planet stretching; none can show where it tears. The chart after global temperature comes nearest. It marks the warming at which each of sixteen tipping elements is estimated to tip, according to a 2022 review in Science, with today's warming drawn across it.

Any model of a place runs inside these numbers. The idea of watching a short list of planetary vital signs follows the annual state of the climate report in BioScience, which tracks sixteen.

Each series is also published as JSON beside this page, with its source, licence, fetch date and a hash of the raw download, for other models to read.

Atmospheric CO₂ at Mauna Loa

427.28 ppm · 2026-10-25 · +47.683 ppm vs 1991-2020

327353380406432JFMAMJJASOND1974197519761977197819791980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025

1974–2026· baseline 1991-2020 · NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, weekly mean, Mauna Loa Observatory · data · json · Freely available under NOAA GML's data use policy; cite it · fetched 2026-11-05· Weekly means; the baseline is the 1991–2020 mean for the same week.

Global temperature since pre-industrial

1.32 °C · 2026-09 · +1.32 °C vs 1850–1900

-0.30.20.61.01.518501875190019251950197520002025

1850–2026· baseline 1850–1900 · NOAA NCEI Climate at a Glance, global land and ocean monthly anomaly (NOAAGlobalTemp), 12-month running mean · data · json · NOAA data; no terms stated on the source page · fetched 2026-11-05· NOAA publishes anomalies against 1901–2000; here they are re-expressed against the same series' 1850–1900 mean (0.167 °C below the 1901–2000 mean) and averaged over the 12 months ending in each month.

Warming thresholds of climate tipping elements

1.3 °C · 5 of 16 past their minimum

0 °C2 °C4 °C6 °C8 °C10 °CGreenland ice sheetGreenland Ice Sheet (collapse): 0.8 to 3 °C, central 1.5 °CWest Antarctic iceWest Antarctic Ice Sheet (collapse): 1 to 3 °C, central 1.5 °CTropical coral reefsLow-latitude Coral Reefs (die-off): 1 to 2 °C, central 1.5 °CPermafrost abrupt thawBoreal Permafrost (abrupt thaw): 1 to 2.3 °C, central 1.5 °CBarents sea iceBarents Sea Ice (abrupt loss): 1.5 to 1.7 °C, central 1.6 °CSubpolar gyreLabrador-Irminger Seas / SPG Convection (collapse): 1.1 to 3.8 °C, central 1.8 °CMountain glaciersMountain Glaciers (loss): 1.5 to 3 °C, central 2 °CWest African monsoonSahel and W. African Monsoon (greening): 2 to 3.5 °C, central 2.8 °CEast Antarctic basinsEast Antarctic Subglacial Basins (collapse): 2 to 6 °C, central 3 °CAmazon rainforestAmazon Rainforest (dieback): 2 to 6 °C, central 3.5 °CAMOCAtlantic M.O. Circulation (collapse): 1.4 to 8 °C, central 4 °CBoreal forest diebackBoreal Forest (southern dieback): 1.4 to 5 °C, central 4 °CBoreal forest expansionBoreal Forest (northern expansion): 1.5 to 7.2 °C, central 4 °CPermafrost collapseBoreal Permafrost (collapse): 3 to 6 °C, central 4 °CArctic winter iceArctic Winter Sea Ice (collapse): 4.5 to 8.7 °C, central 6.3 °CEast Antarctic iceEast Antarctic Ice Sheet (collapse): 5 to 10 °C, central 7.5 °Cnow 1.3 °C

Bars run from the minimum to the maximum estimated threshold, the dot at the central estimate; highlighted bars have their minimum already passed, the vertical line is today's warming from the global temperature series. Armstrong McKay, D. I., Staal, A., Abrams, J. F., Winkelmann, R., Sakschewski, B., Loriani, S., Fetzer, I., Cornell, S. E., Rockström, J. and Lenton, T. M. (2022). Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points. Science 377(6611), eabn7950. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn7950 · read from this copy · json · Paper: 'Copyright © 2022 the authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original US government works.' Repository reuse terms: https://www.uu.nl/en/university-library/license-and-reuse-conditions · Literature-based expert estimates of the global warming at which each element tips: the paper calls crossing a tipping point 'possible' beyond its minimum temperature threshold and 'likely' beyond its central estimate, with the maximum the top of the estimated range.

Global 2 m air temperature

14.995 °C · 2026-10-30 · +1.098 °C vs 1991-2020

11.312.714.215.717.2JFMAMJJASOND19401941194219431944194519461947194819491950195119521953195419551956195719581959196019611962196319641965196619671968196919701971197219731974197519761977197819791980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025

1940–2026· baseline 1991-2020 · Climate Reanalyzer, ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis, global mean 2 m temperature · data · json · CC BY 4.0 · fetched 2026-11-05· ERA5 runs about five days behind real time.

Global sea surface temperature, 60°S–60°N

21.033 °C · 2026-10-20 · +0.83 °C vs 1991-2020

preliminary 2026-11-03: 21.025 °C, +0.872 °C vs 1991-2020

19.720.020.420.821.2JFMAMJJASOND198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025

1981–2026· baseline 1991-2020 · Climate Reanalyzer, NOAA OISST v2.1, world 60°S–60°N · data · json · CC BY 4.0 · fetched 2026-11-05· The last two weeks of OISST are preliminary and revised.

Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature

30.042 °C · 2026-10-20 · +3.336 °C vs 1991-2020

preliminary 2026-11-03: 30.144 °C, +3.382 °C vs 1991-2020

24.025.527.028.630.1JFMAMJJASOND198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025

1981–2026· baseline 1991-2020 · Climate Reanalyzer, NOAA OISST v2.1, Niño 3.4 region (5°S–5°N, 170°W–120°W) · data · json · CC BY 4.0 · fetched 2026-11-05· The last two weeks of OISST are preliminary and revised.

Arctic sea ice extent

8.241 million km² · 2026-11-04 · -1.114 million km² vs 1991-2020

3.36.710.013.316.6JFMAMJJASOND197819791980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025

1978–2026· baseline 1991-2020 · NSIDC Sea Ice Index, Version 4 (G02135), daily extent · data · json · Freely available; cite the Sea Ice Index · fetched 2026-11-05· Before 1988 the record is every other day; the baseline is the 1991–2020 mean per day of year.

Antarctic sea ice extent

15.563 million km² · 2026-11-04 · -1.657 million km² vs 1991-2020

1.86.411.015.620.2JFMAMJJASOND197819791980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025

1978–2026· baseline 1991-2020 · NSIDC Sea Ice Index, Version 4 (G02135), daily extent · data · json · Freely available; cite the Sea Ice Index · fetched 2026-11-05· Before 1988 the record is every other day; the baseline is the 1991–2020 mean per day of year.

Ocean heat content, 0–2000 m

337.8 ZJ · 2026-05

-93171262363461960197019801990200020102020

1957–2026 · NOAA NCEI, World Ocean heat content anomaly, 0–2000 m, 3-month means (line) and pentadal means (faint) · data · json · NOAA data; no terms stated on the source page · fetched 2026-11-05· Published in units of 10²² joules, shown here in zettajoules (10²¹ J); 3-month values from 2005, pentadal from 1955. Updated quarterly.

Global mean sea level

83.6 mm · 2025-02

-2443260871995200020052010201520202025

1992–2025 · NOAA Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry, global mean sea level anomaly, seasonal signals removed (TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, -2, -3, Sentinel-6MF) · data · json · Acknowledge 'Altimetry data are provided by NOAA Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry.' (the file's own data use policy) · fetched 2026-11-05· Each satellite mission in turn; no glacial isostatic adjustment. NOAA has not extended this file past early 2025.

Citations: Lan, X., Tans, P. and K.W. Thoning: Trends in globally-averaged CO2 determined from NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory measurements. https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/ · NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Climate at a Glance: Global Time Series. Retrieved 2026-11-05, from https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/climate-at-a-glance/global/time-series · Armstrong McKay, D. I., Staal, A., Abrams, J. F., Winkelmann, R., Sakschewski, B., Loriani, S., Fetzer, I., Cornell, S. E., Rockström, J. and Lenton, T. M. (2022). Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points. Science 377(6611), eabn7950. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn7950 · Climate Reanalyzer (n.d.). Daily Sea Surface Temperature / 2m Air Temperature. Climate Change Institute, University of Maine. Retrieved 2026-11-05, from https://climatereanalyzer.org/ · National Snow and Ice Data Center. Sea Ice Index, Version 4 (G02135). https://doi.org/10.7265/a98x-0f50 · NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Ocean Heat and Salt Content: Heat Content Basin Time Series. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/global-ocean-heat-content/ · Altimetry data are provided by NOAA Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry. https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/socd/lsa/SeaLevelRise/

staging: drafts and proposals shown